Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion · 2025
[Mechanism of moxibustion at the governor vessel for regulating autophagy against Alzheimer's disease via lncRNA-RP4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway].
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Zhou Bingyuan, Zhu Caifeng, Chen Xiaoyu, Li Jing, Gao Dahong, Wu Anqi, Tao Li, Yuan Xinyi, Yang Gaoshang, Chen Xiyang, Xie Miaomiao, Cheng Le, Wang Xuewei
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion at the governor vessel on lncRNA-RP4/miR-939-5p and Bnip3 in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice mediated by Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS: Sixty 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group, a rapamycin group, a moxibustion+ 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group and a moxibustion group, with 15 mice in each group. Fifteen C57BL/6J mice of the same age were used as the control group. The rapamycin group was given intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin (2 mg/kg). The moxibustion group was given moxibustion at "Baihui" (GV20),suspended moxibustion at "Fengfu" (GV16) and "Dazhui" (GV14) for 20 min. The moxibustion+3-MA group was injected with 1.5 mg/kg 3-MA on the basis of the moxibustion group. After 6 consecutive treatments, rest for 1 d, and lasted 2 weeks.HEK293T cells were cultured in vitro and transfected with miR-939-5p and its empty plasmid, and transfected with lncRNA-RP4 and Bnip3 wild-type and mutant. HT22 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group and a model (Aβ 1-42) group. The lncRNA-RP4 overexpression group, the lncRNA-RP4 knockdown group, the miR-939-5p mimic group, the miR-939-5p inhibitor group, the Bnip3 overexpression group, the Bnip3 knockdown group and the corresponding empty plasmid group were set up, and transfection was performed on the basis of the model group. Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampus in each group. The structure of nerve cells, the number and structure of autophagic vacuoles and autophagic lysosomes in hippocampal CA1 region of mice in each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of Aβ 1-42 protein in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of mTOR, TFEB, P62, Wnt3 a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, lncRNA-RP4, miR-939-5 p and Bnip3 mRNA in hippocampus of mice in each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression of mTOR, TFEB, P62, LC3 B-Ⅰ,LC3 B-Ⅱ, CTSB, Lamp1, V-ATPase, Wnt3a, β-catenin, GSK-3β and Bnip3 protein in hippocampus of mice in each group.Dual luciferase assay was used to verify the targeting relationships among lncRNA-RP4, miRNA-939-5p and Bnip3 in HEK293T cells. The concentration of Aβ 1-42 in HT22 cells of each group was detected by ELISA. The expression of lncRNA-RP4, miR-939-5p, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin and GSK-3β mRNA in HT22 cells of each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expression of Bnip3, Wnt3a, β- catenin and GSK-3β protein in HT22 cells of each group was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the escape latency of the rapamycin group and the moxibustion group was shortened (P<0.05), and the number of crossing the platform was increased (P<0.05).The number of hippocampal neurons was large, and a small amount of cell necrosis was observed. The cells were arranged in an orderly manner with clear boundaries. Some neurons were deformed, atrophied and irregular, and autophagic vacuoles increased. The expression of A β 1-42 protein, mTOR, P62, GSK-3β mRNA and protein, and miR-939-5p mRNA in hippocampus was decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of TFEB, Wnt3a, β-catenin, Bnip3 mRNA and protein, LC3B-Ⅰ, LC3B-Ⅱ, CTSB, Lamp1, V-ATPase protein, and lncRNA-RP4 mRNA was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the rapamycin and moxibustion groups, the escape latency of the moxibustion+3-MA group was prolonged (P<0.05), and the number of crossing the platform was decreased (P<0.05). The number of hippocampal neurons decreased slightly, the cell necrosis was more, the cell arrangement was irregular, the boundary was blurred, and a small amount of autophagic vacuoles and more deformed neurons were occasionally seen. The expression of A β 1-42 protein, mTOR, P62, GSK-3β mRNA and protein, and miR-939-5p mRNA in hippocampus increased (P<0.05), while the expression of TFEB, Wnt3a, β-catenin,Bnip3 mRNA and protein, LC3B-Ⅰ, LC3B-Ⅱ, CTSB, Lamp1, V-ATPase protein, and lncRNA-RP4 mRNA decreased (P<0.05). Dual luciferase assay confirmed that there was a targeting relationship among lncRNA-RP4, miR-939-5p and Bnip3.After the intervention of lncRNA-RP4 in vitro, compared with the model group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein,miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the lncRNA-RP4 overexpression group was decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). The expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in lncRNA-RP4 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the lncRNA-RP4 overexpression group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the lncRNA-RP4 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). After intervention with miR-939-5p, compared with the model group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the miR-939-5p mimic group was increased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a,β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). The expression of A β 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in miR-939-5p inhibitor group was decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA,Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the miR-939-5p mimic group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3β mRNA and protein in the miR-939-5p inhibitor group was decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). After Bnip3 intervention, compared with the model group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein,miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the Bnip3 overexpression group was decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). The expression of A β 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the Bnip3 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Bnip3 overexpression group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA,GSK-3β mRNA and protein in Bnip3 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Moxibustion at the governor vessel ameliorates AD cognitive deficits by activating the lncRNA-RP4/miR-939-5p/Bnip3 axis, enhancing Wnt/β-catenin pathway, restoring autophagosome-lysosome activity, promoting autophagy, accelerating A β 1-42 clearance, and improve cognitive dysfunction of AD. This study elucidates a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying moxibustion's therapeutic efficacy in AD.
METHODS: Sixty 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group, a rapamycin group, a moxibustion+ 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group and a moxibustion group, with 15 mice in each group. Fifteen C57BL/6J mice of the same age were used as the control group. The rapamycin group was given intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin (2 mg/kg). The moxibustion group was given moxibustion at "Baihui" (GV20),suspended moxibustion at "Fengfu" (GV16) and "Dazhui" (GV14) for 20 min. The moxibustion+3-MA group was injected with 1.5 mg/kg 3-MA on the basis of the moxibustion group. After 6 consecutive treatments, rest for 1 d, and lasted 2 weeks.HEK293T cells were cultured in vitro and transfected with miR-939-5p and its empty plasmid, and transfected with lncRNA-RP4 and Bnip3 wild-type and mutant. HT22 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group and a model (Aβ 1-42) group. The lncRNA-RP4 overexpression group, the lncRNA-RP4 knockdown group, the miR-939-5p mimic group, the miR-939-5p inhibitor group, the Bnip3 overexpression group, the Bnip3 knockdown group and the corresponding empty plasmid group were set up, and transfection was performed on the basis of the model group. Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampus in each group. The structure of nerve cells, the number and structure of autophagic vacuoles and autophagic lysosomes in hippocampal CA1 region of mice in each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of Aβ 1-42 protein in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of mTOR, TFEB, P62, Wnt3 a, β-catenin, GSK-3β, lncRNA-RP4, miR-939-5 p and Bnip3 mRNA in hippocampus of mice in each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression of mTOR, TFEB, P62, LC3 B-Ⅰ,LC3 B-Ⅱ, CTSB, Lamp1, V-ATPase, Wnt3a, β-catenin, GSK-3β and Bnip3 protein in hippocampus of mice in each group.Dual luciferase assay was used to verify the targeting relationships among lncRNA-RP4, miRNA-939-5p and Bnip3 in HEK293T cells. The concentration of Aβ 1-42 in HT22 cells of each group was detected by ELISA. The expression of lncRNA-RP4, miR-939-5p, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin and GSK-3β mRNA in HT22 cells of each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expression of Bnip3, Wnt3a, β- catenin and GSK-3β protein in HT22 cells of each group was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the escape latency of the rapamycin group and the moxibustion group was shortened (P<0.05), and the number of crossing the platform was increased (P<0.05).The number of hippocampal neurons was large, and a small amount of cell necrosis was observed. The cells were arranged in an orderly manner with clear boundaries. Some neurons were deformed, atrophied and irregular, and autophagic vacuoles increased. The expression of A β 1-42 protein, mTOR, P62, GSK-3β mRNA and protein, and miR-939-5p mRNA in hippocampus was decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of TFEB, Wnt3a, β-catenin, Bnip3 mRNA and protein, LC3B-Ⅰ, LC3B-Ⅱ, CTSB, Lamp1, V-ATPase protein, and lncRNA-RP4 mRNA was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the rapamycin and moxibustion groups, the escape latency of the moxibustion+3-MA group was prolonged (P<0.05), and the number of crossing the platform was decreased (P<0.05). The number of hippocampal neurons decreased slightly, the cell necrosis was more, the cell arrangement was irregular, the boundary was blurred, and a small amount of autophagic vacuoles and more deformed neurons were occasionally seen. The expression of A β 1-42 protein, mTOR, P62, GSK-3β mRNA and protein, and miR-939-5p mRNA in hippocampus increased (P<0.05), while the expression of TFEB, Wnt3a, β-catenin,Bnip3 mRNA and protein, LC3B-Ⅰ, LC3B-Ⅱ, CTSB, Lamp1, V-ATPase protein, and lncRNA-RP4 mRNA decreased (P<0.05). Dual luciferase assay confirmed that there was a targeting relationship among lncRNA-RP4, miR-939-5p and Bnip3.After the intervention of lncRNA-RP4 in vitro, compared with the model group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein,miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the lncRNA-RP4 overexpression group was decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). The expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in lncRNA-RP4 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the lncRNA-RP4 overexpression group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the lncRNA-RP4 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). After intervention with miR-939-5p, compared with the model group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the miR-939-5p mimic group was increased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a,β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). The expression of A β 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in miR-939-5p inhibitor group was decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA,Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the miR-939-5p mimic group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3β mRNA and protein in the miR-939-5p inhibitor group was decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). After Bnip3 intervention, compared with the model group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein,miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the Bnip3 overexpression group was decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was increased (P<0.05). The expression of A β 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA, GSK-3 β mRNA and protein in the Bnip3 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the Bnip3 overexpression group, the expression of Aβ 1-42 protein, miR-939-5p mRNA,GSK-3β mRNA and protein in Bnip3 knockdown group was increased (P<0.05), and the expression of lncRNA-RP4 mRNA, Bnip3, Wnt3a, β-catenin mRNA and protein was decreased (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Moxibustion at the governor vessel ameliorates AD cognitive deficits by activating the lncRNA-RP4/miR-939-5p/Bnip3 axis, enhancing Wnt/β-catenin pathway, restoring autophagosome-lysosome activity, promoting autophagy, accelerating A β 1-42 clearance, and improve cognitive dysfunction of AD. This study elucidates a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying moxibustion's therapeutic efficacy in AD.