Left ventricular aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with midventricular obstruction: A systematic review of literature.

BACKGROUND

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with or without left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVA) had been studied in the past. Midventricular obstruction associated with HCM and LVA is a unique entity that has not been distinguished previously as a separate phenotypic disease in HCM patients.

METHODS

A systematic review of Pubmed and Google Scholar was conducted from inception until September 2017 for all observational studies conducted on HCM with midventricular obstruction and LVA.

RESULTS

A total of 94 patients from 39 studies were included in our analysis. The mean age of the patients was 58.05 ± 11.76 years with 59.6% being males. The most common electrocardiographic finding was T wave inversion occurring in 13.8% of the cases followed by ST elevation (9.5%). Maximal left ventricle (LV) wall thickness was reported 18.89 ± 5.19 mm on transthoracic echocardiography and paradoxical jet flow was detected in 29.8% of patients. Beta-blockers (58.5%) were the most common drug therapy at baseline and amiodarone (10.6%) was the most common antiarrhythmic used for ventricular tachycardia (VT). The most common complication, VT, occurred in 39.3% of cases and the incidence of all-cause mortality was 13.8 % over 16 ± 20.1 months follow-up. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was used in 37.2% of patients; 25.7% of patients with ICD received appropriate shock therapy.

CONCLUSION

HCM with LVA and midventricular obstruction is a unique entity that appears to be associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention is recommended for management of this condition.