Association of the C-1019G (rs6295) Polymorphism of the 5-HT1A Receptor Gene, Sociodemographic Variables, and Clinical Characteristics with Depressive Symptoms in a Mexican Population.

BACKGROUND/

OBJECTIVES

Depression ranks among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide. Numerous studies have linked the C-1019G (rs6295) polymorphism in the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor gene to increased susceptibility to depression. In this study, sociodemographic variables and clinical characteristics were integrated with targeted genotyping of the C-1019G polymorphism to identify risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in a Mexican cohort.

METHODS

Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 257 volunteers (202 healthy controls, 55 with depressive symptoms). Genotyping for C-1019G was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, and genotype frequencies were analyzed relative to Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores.

RESULTS

BDI scores were significantly lower among males, participants aged < 40 years, unmarried individuals, and those with a high school education (p < 0.05). Females were three times more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms than males (p = 0.004; OR = 3.08). Compared with participants aged < 40 years, those aged 40-65 and >65 years were two (p = 0.026; OR = 2.19) and five times (p < 0.001; OR = 5.71) more likely to report depressive symptoms, respectively. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus had twice the odds of depressive symptoms (p = 0.025; OR = 2.38). Odds increased twelvefold among those with diabetes plus arterial hypertension (p < 0.001; OR = 12.25). Among males, the C/C genotype was observed exclusively in controls (p = 0.010). Furthermore, the genotypic distribution of this study population differed from that of European and Asian populations.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings advance the understanding of depressive symptoms' multifactorial etiology and may inform targeted screening and prevention strategies.