Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2026
The association between ultra-processed food consumption and incidence of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
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Alem Emad, Hosseinpour-Niazi Somayeh, Mirmiran Parvin, Azizi Fereidoun
Аннотация
BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study investigates the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity (CRMM) in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) among the adult population.
METHODS & RESULTS: This population-based cohort study included 2539 adults who were free of CRMM at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF were classified according to the NOVA system. Over a median follow-up of 11.6 years (IQR: 8.0-13.0), 216 new cases of CRMM were diagnosed. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had a significantly increased risk of CRMM compared with the lowest quartile, after adjustment for confounders. This was observed for both UPF measured in grams per day (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.12-2.86; P for trend < 0.001) and UPF measured as a percentage of total daily energy intake (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.87-1.86; P for trend = 0.007). In the multivariable model, significant interactions were observed between UPF consumption and fruit and vegetable intake (all P values < 0.05). Among individuals who consumed less than the median intake of fruits and vegetables, Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption, according to grams per day and percentage of total daily energy intake, had a significantly increased risk of CRMM compared with the lowest quartile.
CONCLUSION: Increased intake of fruits and vegetables may counteract the detrimental effect of UPF consumption on the risk of CRMM, though this modifying effect warrants further prospective investigation.
METHODS & RESULTS: This population-based cohort study included 2539 adults who were free of CRMM at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF were classified according to the NOVA system. Over a median follow-up of 11.6 years (IQR: 8.0-13.0), 216 new cases of CRMM were diagnosed. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had a significantly increased risk of CRMM compared with the lowest quartile, after adjustment for confounders. This was observed for both UPF measured in grams per day (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.12-2.86; P for trend < 0.001) and UPF measured as a percentage of total daily energy intake (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.87-1.86; P for trend = 0.007). In the multivariable model, significant interactions were observed between UPF consumption and fruit and vegetable intake (all P values < 0.05). Among individuals who consumed less than the median intake of fruits and vegetables, Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption, according to grams per day and percentage of total daily energy intake, had a significantly increased risk of CRMM compared with the lowest quartile.
CONCLUSION: Increased intake of fruits and vegetables may counteract the detrimental effect of UPF consumption on the risk of CRMM, though this modifying effect warrants further prospective investigation.