Chemically reacted blood Cu O nanofluid flow through a non-Darcy porous media with radially varying viscosity.

The study investigates the flow of a Newtonian Cu O nanofluid through a non-Darcy porous medium with radially varying viscosity, which is crucial for various industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, nuclear, solar, and solar technologies. The peristaltic motion of the nanofluid is studied with thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects, and the viscosity varies with both radius and axial coordinates. The study assumes low Reynolds and long wavelength assumptions and uses the homotopy perturbation technique to obtain a semi-analytical solution of velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and skin friction. The results show that axial velocity increases with the increase of slip velocity and viscosity parameters, while wave amplitude and chemical reaction parameters increase while nanoparticle concentration decreases. High viscosity parameters allow fluid nanoparticles to gain more active energy and move more freely, which is the main idea behind crude oil refinement. This physical modeling is essential for physiological flows, such as stomach juice flow during endoscope insertion.