Anaesthesia management in a patient with a cardiac contractility modulation device.

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment based on electrical impulses that is used in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure. This therapy has shown a small improvement in exercise tolerance and quality of life in heart patients. Guidelines on the management of implantable cardiac devices do not include any recommendations on CCM, and only 1 article refers to anaesthesia management in these patients. We present a case report on the anaesthesia management of a patient with a CCM device. We believe that it will become increasingly common for anaesthesiologists to encounter patients with similar devices in their routine practice.