Hidden scars: posttraumatic stress disorder.

Memories of traumatic incidents or experiences can cause deep but invisible scars. Without intervention, the emotional pain associated with the incident can continue unabated. For the most part, painful memories are likely to be suppressed. However, when a memory is "triggered" for some reason, a variety of symptoms may occur which may be termed "posttraumatic stress disorder" (PTSD). A nurse can use an understanding of unhealed psychological scars to gain awareness of unresolved personal stress. In addition to personal reflection, as nurses assess and care for patients, it is important to be alert to indications of unresolved emotional pain.