Hypericin as a Photodynamic Immunomodulator: A Natural Compound for Dermatological Therapy.

Hypericin, a polycyclic quinone derived from *Hypericum perforatum* (St. John's Wort), has gained attention for its broad pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor effects. It modulates key signaling pathways like NF-κB and MAPK, reducing chronic inflammation and making it effective in treating autoimmune and infectious skin conditions. As a photosensitizer, hypericin also induces apoptosis in abnormal cells through photodynamic therapy (PDT), showing promising results in treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), psoriasis, and fungal infections. While its solubility and bioavailability remain challenges, hypericin's favorable safety profile and therapeutic potential position it as a valuable option for managing refractory dermatological conditions.