Hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.

Thorough assessment of the patient and good understanding of potential complications enhance patient care and safety. Correction of volume depletion and maintenance of a strict fluid balance chart is essential to avoid complications of congestive cardiac failure, cerebral or pulmonary oedema, renal failure and further dehydration. Careful monitoring of electrolytes and administration of supplements should be undertaken to prevent instability. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and careful insulin administration should be undertaken to prevent fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Any possible source of infection should be identified and treated as prescribed. Good basic nursing care for the patient and support and counselling for the patient and his family are essential components of holistic care.