Renal disease in patients with HIV.

As survival continues to improve in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, kidney, liver, and cardiac disease have become increasingly important sources of mortality and morbidity in patients with HIV. The incidence of end-stage renal disease in patients with HIV is projected to increase, and the incidence of earlier chronic kidney disease, acute renal failure, and electrolyte abnormalities is likely to be much higher than appreciated. Both acute and chronic kidney disease are more common in the setting of advanced HIV, hepatitis coinfection or liver disease, and medication toxicity. Close collaboration between nephrologists and infectious disease specialists is important to facilitate the identification, diagnosis, and management of acute and chronic kidney disease in patients with HIV. Recently published guidelines highlight the increased awareness of kidney disease in the infectious disease community and provide guidelines for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease in patients with HIV.