Cardiovascular influence on cognitive decline: The heart's role in neurodegenerative disorders.

Cognitive performance is greatly influenced by cardiovascular health, as vascular integrity and brain perfusion are directly related to diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. Examining the intricate relationship between the heart and brain, this chapter highlights how atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia affect neurovascular coupling (NVC). Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction are some of the risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration. The cerebral microvasculature is further compromised by atherosclerosis and heart failure, which exacerbates neuronal damage and increases the risk of dementia. Supported by clinical and epidemiological data, the discussion delves into the mechanisms behind vascular dementia and the vascular contributions to Alzheimer's disease. Slowing cognitive deterioration requires early intervention through lipid management, blood pressure control, and anticoagulant medication. Additionally, developments in precision medicine and neurovascular-targeted therapies present encouraging paths toward management and prevention. Through the discussion of modifiable cardiovascular risks, this chapter emphasizes how vital vascular health is to maintaining cognitive function and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.