Advances in scalp reconstruction.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review summarizes traditional and advanced techniques used to reconstruct defects of the scalp. These deformities range from small defects that can be closed primarily to significant defects, which require free tissue transfer.

RECENT FINDINGS: Increased use of tissue expanders, advancement rotational flaps, and hair transplantation has resulted in improved cosmetic outcomes for larger defects of the scalp. Free tissue transfer has provided a revolutionary method of reconstructing subtotal and total defects of the scalp, in particular those associated with neoplasms.

SUMMARY: New advances in techniques of scalp reconstruction have provided improved outcomes in terms of cosmetic appearance and decreased morbidity for scalp reconstruction.