Interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor secretion by chronic lymphatic leukaemia and normal B lymphocytes: effect of PMA and PWM.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) were detected in supernatants of cultures of B chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes. Phorbol-12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) caused a decrease in the levels of IL-6 in 14 out of 16 cultures and an increase in levels of sIL6R in all 15 cases. The effect of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was variable and not significant. The levels of IL-6 were below the detection limit (60 pg/ml) in sera of 13 CLL patients whereas sIL-6R was detected (13 ng/ml to 97 ng/ml) in the 13 sera. IL6 was not detected in cultures of unstimulated or stimulated with PMA or PWM normal human B cells. Levels of sIL-6R were minimal in cultures of normal B lymphocytes and were increased in PMA stimulated cultures. The results are consistent with the view that B-CLL cells produce spontaneously IL-6 which could act in an autocrine fashion to cause shedding of surface IL-6R and account for the correlation found between serum levels of sIL-6R and B-CLL lymphocyte numbers. The fall in levels of IL-6 in PMA stimulated CLL cultures might express masking or degradation of IL-6 after combination with the receptor.