The Landscape of Malaria in a Five-Decade Institution in the State of Amazonas: Historical Trends, Scientific Contributions, and Research Priorities.

Malaria continues to be a major public health issue in the Brazilian Amazon, with the state of Amazonas accounting for approximately 40% of all national cases. The region presents diverse epidemiological scenarios and different infrastructure conditions, which hinder the implementation of diagnostic, treatment, management, and control strategies. Through dedicated control, surveillance and research initiatives, considerable progress has been made in reducing the incidence of cases, hospitalizations and deaths attributed to the two endemic protozoan species, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. This article provides an overview of the key research and surveillance endeavors undertaken in the state of Amazonas. These efforts aim to achieve the objectives outlined in the national malaria elimination plan, enhance the understanding of the disease's pathophysiology and associated comorbidities, and leverage the advances and contributions of research groups within the state, which are focused on comprehending vector behavior and developing effective control strategies, creating more efficient diagnostic tools and researching and developing safe and effective drugs for treatment, relapse prevention and the elimination of transmission reservoirs.