Phytochemical characterization with integrated in vitro and in silico evaluation of Deverra triradiata against adult Trichinella spiralis worms and its antibacterial activity.

Trichinellosis, caused by Trichinella spiralis, remains an important foodborne zoonosis. Current benzimidazoles such as Albendazole mainly target intestinal stages and show limited efficacy against migratory and encysted larvae, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. This study evaluated the This study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of methanolic Deverra triradiata stem extract (DTSE) against adult T. spiralis worms, together with its antibacterial potential using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and in vitro bioassays. GC-MS analysis identified furanocoumarins and related phytochemicals among the annotated constituents. Network pharmacology analysis using STITCH suggested a polypharmacological profile involving cytochrome P450, β-tubulin, thymidylate synthase, and cathepsin L. Molecular docking identified isolated prenyloxy furanocoumarins, considered as pure compounds, as promising lead scaffolds with favorable predicted target engagement across multiple parasite-associated proteins. These computational findings should be interpreted as a compound-level lead-prioritization framework rather than evidence that crude DTSE is intrinsically more potent than albendazole. ADMET predictions revealed significant CYP3A4 interaction liabilities, elevated DILI probabilities, and moderate mutagenicity risks; however, lead optimization and experimental safety validation would be required before preclinical development. In vitro assays demonstrated that DTSE exhibited dose- and time-dependent anthelmintic activity against adult T. spiralis, achieving 100% mortality within 24-48 h at higher concentrations and reduced LD₅₀ over time. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed structural damage in treated worms. Overall, DTSE-derived furanocoumarins represented T. spiralis adult-stage anthelmintic with exploratory antibacterial activities. Additionally, DTSE-derived furanocoumarins represent exploratory lead scaffolds that warrant isolation, target validation, pharmacological characterization, and safety optimization before further development.