Ancestry Matters in Decoding Immunity.

The Chinese Immune Multi-Omics Atlas (CIMA) establishes a population-scale immune multi-omics atlas by profiling over 10 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 428 Chinese adults using paired scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq. This resource mitigates longstanding European ancestry bias in single-cell genomics and enables cell type resolved regulatory mapping across immune populations. Building on this atlas, CIMA-CLM integrates chromatin sequence features with single-cell transcriptomic context to predict chromatin accessibility and assess noncoding variant effects, exemplified in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells.