Clinical kidney journal · 2021
Secondary hyperparathyroidism and adverse health outcomes in adults with chronic kidney disease.
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Xu Yang, Evans Marie, Soro Marco, Barany Peter, Carrero Juan Jesus
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) develops frequently in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the burden and long-term impact of sHPT on the risk of adverse health outcomes are not well studied.
METHODS: We evaluated all adults receiving nephrologist care in Stockholm during 2006-11 who were not undergoing kidney replacement therapy and had not developed sHPT. Incident sHPT was identified by using clinical diagnoses, initiated medications or two consecutive parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements ≥130 pg/mL. We characterized sHPT incidence by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) strata, evaluated clinical predictors and quantified the association between incident sHPT (time-varying exposure) and the risk of fractures, CKD progression, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and death.
RESULTS: We identified 2556 adults with CKD Stages 1-5 (mean age 66 years, 38% women), of whom 784 developed sHPT during follow-up. The incidence of sHPT increased with advancing CKD: from 57 cases/1000 person-years in CKD Stage G3 to 230 cases/1000 person-years in Stage G5. In multivariable analyses, low eGFR was the strongest sHPT predictor, followed by young age, male sex and diabetes. Incident sHPT was associated with a 1.3-fold (95% confidence interval 1.1-1.8) increased risk of death, a 2.2-fold (1.42-3.28) higher risk of MACEs, a 5.0-fold (3.5-7.2) higher risk of CKD progression and a 1.3-fold (1.5-2.2) higher risk of fractures. Results were consistent in stratified analyses and after excluding early events.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrate the burden of sHPT in advanced CKD and highlight the susceptibility for adverse outcomes of patients developing sHPT. This may inform clinical decisions regarding pre-sHPT risk stratification, PTH monitoring and risk-prevention strategies post-sHPT development.
METHODS: We evaluated all adults receiving nephrologist care in Stockholm during 2006-11 who were not undergoing kidney replacement therapy and had not developed sHPT. Incident sHPT was identified by using clinical diagnoses, initiated medications or two consecutive parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements ≥130 pg/mL. We characterized sHPT incidence by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) strata, evaluated clinical predictors and quantified the association between incident sHPT (time-varying exposure) and the risk of fractures, CKD progression, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and death.
RESULTS: We identified 2556 adults with CKD Stages 1-5 (mean age 66 years, 38% women), of whom 784 developed sHPT during follow-up. The incidence of sHPT increased with advancing CKD: from 57 cases/1000 person-years in CKD Stage G3 to 230 cases/1000 person-years in Stage G5. In multivariable analyses, low eGFR was the strongest sHPT predictor, followed by young age, male sex and diabetes. Incident sHPT was associated with a 1.3-fold (95% confidence interval 1.1-1.8) increased risk of death, a 2.2-fold (1.42-3.28) higher risk of MACEs, a 5.0-fold (3.5-7.2) higher risk of CKD progression and a 1.3-fold (1.5-2.2) higher risk of fractures. Results were consistent in stratified analyses and after excluding early events.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings illustrate the burden of sHPT in advanced CKD and highlight the susceptibility for adverse outcomes of patients developing sHPT. This may inform clinical decisions regarding pre-sHPT risk stratification, PTH monitoring and risk-prevention strategies post-sHPT development.