Valve implantation on the beating heart: catheter-assisted surgery for aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUND

For an increasing number of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, advanced age and comorbidity make the risk of surgery unacceptably high. In such cases, catheter-based techniques for aortic valve implantation are a new therapeutic option. In this paper, we describe the initial results obtained at the German Heart Center, Munich, with a new technique of this kind.

METHODS

From June 2007 to September 2008, 152 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation at the German Heart Center, Munich (121 transfemorally, 26 transapically, and 5 through other sites of access). In this technique, a stent-mounted valve is crimped onto a catheter and then positioned and deployed in the aortic annulus under fluoroscopic control.

RESULTS

The 30-day mortality was 11.8% in this group of patients at high risk. The more common post-procedural complications were third-degree atrioventricular block leading to pacemaker implantation (31/152, 20%), vascular complications (25/152, 16%), and cerebrovascular events (8/152, 5%). Six months after the procedure, the patients had recovered clinically to a considerable extent, and the implanted prostheses exhibited good hemodynamic function.

CONCLUSIONS

The technical feasibility of catheter-based aortic valve implantation has been demonstrated at multiple centers around the world. Its indications still need to be refined on the basis of the short- and long-term results of the randomized and observational studies that are currently in progress. It is already apparent that catheter-based aortic valve implantation can bring about clinical improvement in patients who are deemed ineligible for open surgery.