Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based topical drug delivery systems for psoriasis treatment.

Chronic autoimmune skin disorder known as psoriasis (PSO) is typified by the excessive proliferation of skin cells, which develops thick, red and scaly patches on the skin's surface. These patches may be uncomfortable for people with this illness due to their itching and soreness. Treatments for psoriasis try to lessen inflammation, ease symptoms and slow the proliferation of too many skin cells. Traditional treatment methods for psoriasis, including topical corticosteroids, systemic immunosuppressant and biologics, often struggle with issues like poor patient adherence, systemic toxicity, limited skin penetration and inefficient drug absorption. However, nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems offer a significant improvement by enhancing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties. These systems ensure targeted and sustained drug release while minimising off-target effects, representing a promising new approach to PSO treatment. This article discusses various nano particulate drug carriers that have been developed to enhance transdermal and topical drug delivery. These carriers include liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanogels, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, nanosponges, nanocapsules and nanocrystals. These nanocarriers improve the permeation of drugs across the stratum corneum, facilitate the formation of depots in the epidermis and dermis and enable controlled drug diffusion. This prolongs therapeutic action while reducing systemic exposure.