The role of lipidomics in psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease marked by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and systemic inflammation. This condition significantly increases the risk of cardiometabolic complications such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolic events, and worsened cardiovascular outcomes. In recent years, metabolomics-particularly lipidomics-has emerged as a powerful approach for elucidating the metabolic dysregulation associated with psoriasis. Lipidomic techniques, including Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and UPLC-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight MS (UPLC-QTOF-MS), have enabled the detection and quantification of disease-relevant lipid species. Despite advancements, the inherent structural complexity and diversity of lipid molecules present substantial analytical challenges, particularly in method standardization and cross-study comparison. Nonetheless, specific lipid classes play a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Additionally, fatty acids and their bioactive metabolites modulate cutaneous inflammation and skin barrier function. A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolic alterations in psoriasis is critical for identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers and developing targeted therapies aimed at restoring lipid homeostasis and improving clinical outcomes.

AIMS: The aim of the review is to identify and characterize lipid profile alterations in psoriasis patients and to evaluate the potential of pro-inflammatory lipids as biomarkers of disease activity and treatment response using advanced lipidomic techniques.