[Segmental arterial mediolysis and renovascular hypertension].

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare nonarteriosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease of unknown origin that causes vascular occlusion or massive life-threatening intraabdominal hemorrhages. SAM is an acute disease. The initial injurious phase consist in mediolysis, then evolves in chronic vascular lesions. Diagnostic criteria are histologic, but rarely accessible apart from surgical complications. To our knowledge, there is no recommendation concerning therapy and follow-up of these patients. In our patient, we were interested in the atypical clinical presentation with renovascular hypertension, and the coexistence of acute and chronic vascular lesions that suppose the existence of recurrences in the evolution of this disease. We are interested also in the link that might exist between renal infarct and SAM, SAM's chronic vascular lesions and fibromuscular dysplasia vascular lesions.