Maternal fat intake during pregnancy and behavioral problems in 5-y-old Japanese children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the relationship between maternal fat consumption during pregnancy and behavioral problems in 1199 Japanese children at age 5 y.

METHODS: Dietary intake of mothers during pregnancy was assessed using a diet history questionnaire. Emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems in children were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; the four scale scores were dichotomized, comparing children with borderline and abnormal scores to children with normal scores. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each behavioral problem according to the quartile of dietary factors under study, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

RESULTS: Higher maternal intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid during pregnancy was independently associated with an increased risk for childhood emotional problems. The adjusted odds ratios between extreme quartiles (95% confidence intervals, Ptrend) were 1.85 (1.11 - 3.17, 0.04), 1.60 (0.99 - 2.60, 0.03), 2.06 (1.24 - 3.46, 0.002), and 2.09 (1.26 - 3.51, 0.002), respectively. No such positive associations were observed for the other outcomes. No relationships were found between maternal intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, or cholesterol, or the ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy and any of the outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid during pregnancy may increase the risk for childhood emotional problems.