Lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 inhibits antiviral innate immunity by promoting IRF3 dephosphorylation.

Phosphorylation of IRF3 is critical to induce type I interferon (IFN-I) production in antiviral innate response. Here we report that lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 inhibits the expressions of IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages upon viral infections. The Smyd2-deficient mice are more resistant to viral infection by producing more IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, SMYD2 inhibits IRF3 phosphorylation in macrophages in response to viral infection independent of its methyltransferase activity. We found that SMYD2 interacts with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and IRF association domain (IAD) domains of IRF3 by its insertion SET domain (SETi) and could recruit phosphatase PP1α to enhance its interaction with IRF3, which leads to decreased phosphorylation of IRF3 in the antiviral innate response. Our study identifies SMYD2 as a negative regulator of IFN-I production against virus infection. The new way of regulating IRF3 phosphorylation will provide insight into the understanding of IFN-I production in the innate response and possible intervention of the related immune disorders.