Bisphenol AF induces lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress and upregulation of heat shock protein 70 in zebrafish.

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is a widespread endocrine disruptor in the environment, and the use of BPAF has been strongly associated with the development of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPAF on growth, development, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in zebrafish. We chose the concentrations based on the measured LC50 at 96 h post-fertilization (96 hpf), and the zebrafish embryos were exposed to three different concentrations (0.125, 0.5 and 2 μmol/L). The findings indicated that BPAF exposure in zebrafish leaded to alterations in heart rate, body length and hatching rate, as well as an accumulation of red blood cells in the heart. Additionally, BPAF exposure resulted in increased levels of neutrophils, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), thus disturbing the balance between oxidative and antioxidative systems. BPAF promoted fatty acid catabolism and inhibited fatty acid synthesis, ultimately leading to a reduction in fatty acid content. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis and RT-qPCR revealed a significant upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) after BPAF exposure. Inhibition of hsp70 with VER-155008 ameliorated BPAF-induced oxidative stress. These data provided a novel approach to investigate BPAF-induced oxidative stress and suggested that regulation of hsp70 is a crucial target for alleviating this process.