Frontiers in immunology · 2026
Helminth infection modulates the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in mice without compromising protective efficacy.
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Su Jinpeng, Hamway Youssef, Mistretta Daniele, Liao Bo-Hung, Ma Zhe, Schluckebier Julia, Xie Zhe, Polezhaeva Olga, Jradi Walaa, Braun Sarah, Robb Jennifer, Main Laura Franziska, Mukherjee Piyas, Jubran-Rudolf Lorna, Steiger Katja, Pino Paco, Tenbusch Matthias, D'Ippolito Elvira, Ebert Gregor, Protzer Ulrike, Prazeres da Costa Clarissa
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Helminth parasites infect over a quarter of the global population and can profoundly modulate host immunity, potentially influencing vaccine performance and the spread of pandemic pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the high global endemicity of helminth infections, their impact on immune responses to various COVID-19 vaccines remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Schistosoma infection on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of messenger RNA (mRNA)- and protein-based COVID-19 vaccines.
METHODS: Mice with Schistosoma infection and non-infected controls were immunized with either an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine or an alum-adjuvanted spike protein vaccine. Vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed, and protective efficacy was evaluated using a SARS-CoV-2 challenge model.
RESULTS: COVID-19 mRNA vaccination induced strong spike-specific antibody and CD4 T-cell responses in Schistosoma-infected mice comparable to non-infected controls, despite a Th2/regulatory-biased immune environment, although multifunctional CD8 T-cell responses were reduced. Alum-adjuvanted protein vaccination elicited robust humoral but weaker cellular immunity, with comparable immune responses in infected and non-infected mice. Following SARS-CoV-2 challenge, both vaccine platforms conferred effective protection, with substantial viral clearance and minimal lung pathology.
CONCLUSIONS: mRNA and protein vaccines elicit distinct immune profiles; however, both protect effectively against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice with concurrent helminth infection.
METHODS: Mice with Schistosoma infection and non-infected controls were immunized with either an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine or an alum-adjuvanted spike protein vaccine. Vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed, and protective efficacy was evaluated using a SARS-CoV-2 challenge model.
RESULTS: COVID-19 mRNA vaccination induced strong spike-specific antibody and CD4 T-cell responses in Schistosoma-infected mice comparable to non-infected controls, despite a Th2/regulatory-biased immune environment, although multifunctional CD8 T-cell responses were reduced. Alum-adjuvanted protein vaccination elicited robust humoral but weaker cellular immunity, with comparable immune responses in infected and non-infected mice. Following SARS-CoV-2 challenge, both vaccine platforms conferred effective protection, with substantial viral clearance and minimal lung pathology.
CONCLUSIONS: mRNA and protein vaccines elicit distinct immune profiles; however, both protect effectively against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice with concurrent helminth infection.