Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni co-infection in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Adesida Adedayo Oluwadamilola, Adejumo Oluseyi Ademola, Edeki Imuetinyan Rashida, Oyedepo Dapo Sunday, Junaid Oladimeji Adedeji, Akinola Temitope Oluwabusola, Babatunde Sunkanmi Henry, Oluwagbemiga Ayomide Thomas, Busari Kudirat Abimbola, Enikuomehin Adenike Christianah, Bamikefa Titilope Adetoun, Lawal Olutoyin Morenike, Oriade Tajudeen Olarenwaju, Olalekan Olayinka Vincent, Omoloja Oyinkansola Aderinsola, Zibiri Anne Osimokhua, Towolawi Kofoworola Esther, Oladunjoye Olumide Samuel, Dada Emmanuel Oluwadamilare, Babatunde Olabisi Suliyat, Kayode Stella Adejoke, Babalola Blessing Mercy, Yisau Olawale Elijah, Chukwubem Precious, Ige Olanrewaju Olumide, Akinyosoye Grace Oghenetega, Eromosele Godswill Thomas, Ajiboye Victor Ayodeji, Osunyemi Olusola Samuel, Nelson Udeme-Abasi Udoudo, Oyeyemi Oyetunde Timothy, Ekrikpo Udeme Ekpenyong
Аннотация
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, African Journal Online, EMBASE and Google Scholar for studies published between 1980 and 2025 reporting Sh and Sm co-infection was conducted. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses conducted by geographical region and age. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251176915).
RESULTS: Twenty-six studies involving 33,121 participants across 11 African countries were included. The overall pooled prevalence of Schistosoma co-infection was 19.1% [95% CI; 12.3%-27.0%, I2= 99.6%, n = 26 studies p < 0.001]. The Western Africa region had the highest pooled prevalence of 26.9% [CI; 14.6%-41.4%, I2 = 99.6%, n = 19 studies, p < 0.001] while the Eastern Africa had the lowest prevalence of 4.8% [CI; 1.7%-9.2%, I2 = 97.2%, n = 5 studies. p < 0.001]. There was a significant difference in the pooled prevalence of Schistosoma co-infection across the various African sub-regions (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the pooled prevalence of co-infection across the various age groups (p = 0.47).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Schistosoma co-infection is substantial in SSA, particularly within the West African subregion. However, the high heterogeneity observed in this study necessitates a cautious interpretation of the data.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.