Sleep efficiency and disturbance is associated with cardiovascular risk in non-obese sleep disordered breathing: The Guangdong sleep health study.

BACKGROUND AND

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to figure out the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the participants with non-obese sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study. Community residents in Guangdong were investigated. Sleep study was conducted with a type Ⅳ sleep monitoring. Cardiovascular risk was assessed by the China-PAR risk equations.

RESULTS

1983 community residents with SDB were included, 92.4 % were non-obese. 270 (18.9 %) were with high risk of CVD in the non-obese SDB, while 33 (28.2 %) in the obese SDB (P = 0.021). In the non-obese SDB, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was higher in participants with high risk of CVD comparing with those with low risk of CVD (P = 0.013). Sleep efficiency and sleep disturbance were independently associated with high risk of CVD in participants with non-obese SDB (OR = 1.369, P = 0.020; OR = 1.489, P = 0.027, respectively). Comparing with a normal sleep efficiency, the probability for high CVD risk increased 152 % in non-obese SDB with a sleep efficiency ≤64 %. Comparing with no sleep disturbance, the probability for high CVD risk increased 109 % in non-obese SDB with fairly bad sleep disturbance. There was no such relationship between PSQI components and CVD risk in the participants with obese SDB.

CONCLUSION

The majority of SDB was non-obese in the community in Guangdong. CVD risk was increased in non-obese SDB. A bad subjective sleep efficiency and sleep disturbance were associated with high CVD risk in non-obese SDB. Non-obese SDB may be treated as a specific phenotype.