Dexmedetomidine administration may be beneficial in relation to ventilator-associated pneumonia.

The impact of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) use on the prognosis of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a subject worthy of further investigation. This study seeks to evaluate the association between Dex administration and prognosis in critically ill patients with VAP. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database, including adults (≥ 18 years) with VAP and ICU stays ≥ 24 h. Patients were divided into the DEX group and the non-DEX group based on Dex administration. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary endpoint was 90-day survival rate. We used multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for baseline imbalances. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed survival differences. Stratified analyses evaluated temporal trends (2008-2022), dosage (mcg/kg/h), and infusion duration (hours) to further validate the robustness of the results. This research included a total of 1766 VAP patients (DEX: n = 905; non-DEX: n = 861), Dex was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44-0.69; adjusted OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.83).The survival curve was calculated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, which indicated that the DEX group exhibited a relatively longer survival time, and this difference was highly statistically significant (p < 0.001).It is worth mentioning that the mortality reduction remained robust across all sensitivity analyses, including PSM, temporal stratification, and dose-duration subgroups. Dex is associated with significantly lower in-hospital mortality in VAP patients.