International Pain and Spine Intervention Society Emergency Protocols: Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

This protocol reviews the causes, recognition, and emergency response to traumatic spinal cord injury during interventional spine procedures. Potential mechanisms include direct needle trauma, intramedullary injection, hematoma formation, and vascular injury. The protocol highlights the importance of immediate termination of the procedure, airway and hemodynamic stabilization, focused neurologic assessment, urgent activation of emergency services, and rapid transfer to a facility with neurosurgical capabilities.