Electrochemical biosensing of Helicobacter pylori in gastrointestinal disease.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a major global health concern and is closely linked to peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancer. Rapid, accurate, and noninvasive diagnostic tools are essential for early detection and effective management. This review explores the emerging role of electrochemical biosensors in the detection of H. pylori, highlighting their potential to revolutionize gastrointestinal diagnostics. By integrating biorecognition elements with advanced transduction mechanisms, electrochemical biosensors offer high sensitivity, specificity, and portability. We examine recent advances in sensor design, including nanomaterial-enhanced platforms and multiplexed detection strategies, and discuss their clinical applicability. Bridging the gap between laboratory innovation and clinical implementation, this work underscores the promise of electrochemical biosensing as a transformative approach from bench to bedside in the diagnosis of H. pylori-related diseases.