Pathologic mucosal blood vessels in active female genital schistosomiasis: new aspects of a neglected tropical disease.

Female genital schistosomiasis is a frequent, but neglected cause of mucosal pathology in the female genital tract. Moreover, recent studies indicate that genital mucosal lesions may increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In rural Africa, detailed clinical images are rarely available alongside histologic sections, and further understanding of the pathogenesis of the genital mucosal lesions is needed. These cases represent previously unreported histopathologic photomicrographs and corresponding clinical images in 2 women with genital schistosomiasis. Dilated and tortuous mucosal venules seen in the cervicovaginal mucosa were found to contain viable Schistosoma haematobium eggs surrounded by a thrombus. The presence of abnormal mucosal blood vessels may be an indication of a persistent tissue reaction to S. haematobium ova in the lower female genital tract.