Differential MicroRNA Expression in the Anterior Lens Capsule of Patients with Glucocorticoid-Induced Cataracts: A Preliminary Study.

Background/Objectives: To investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the anterior lens capsules of patients with glucocorticoid-induced cataracts (GIC) and to identify miRNAs potentially associated with glucocorticoid (GC) exposure and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) formation. Methods: A total of 33 participants were divided into four groups based on their GC usage history and cataract type: GIC (n = 10), age-related PSC (n = 6), GC-treated age-related cataract (ARC) (n = 7), and normal control (n = 10). Anterior lens capsule samples were obtained during cataract surgery and total RNA was extracted for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of 12 selected miRNAs were quantified using a customized miScript miRNA PCR array. Results: Among the twelve miRNAs analyzed, seven (let-7a-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-23b-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-125a-5p) were significantly differentially expressed among the groups (p < 0.05). In the GIC group, let-7a-5p, miR-23b-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-125a-5p were significantly upregulated, whereas let-7d-5p, miR-15a-5p and miR-16-5p were significantly downregulated compared to that in the normal control group. No significant differences in miRNA expression were observed between the GIC and age-related PSC groups or between the GIC and GC-treated ARC groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrates distinct miRNA expression patterns in the anterior lens capsules of patients with GIC. Altered expression of specific miRNAs may be linked to the pathogenesis of GC-induced PSC formation. These findings provide a molecular basis for further investigation into the regulatory roles of miRNAs in GC-associated cataracts.