Transtracheal oxygen catheters in a pediatric population.

This is the first report to evaluate transtracheal oxygen catheter (TTOC) use in a pediatric patient series. Seven pediatric patients (4 boys and 3 girls) received TTOCs in 2 tertiary care medical centers. The medical indications included bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 4 patients and tracheomalacia in the other 3. The average age at the time of placement was 22 months (range, 2 weeks to 37 months). Catheter placement for 4 patients was through an open tracheotomy stoma. In 3, placement was through a percutaneous technique. The follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 5 years. There were no long-term complications. Transient needs for supplemental oxygen were all met by the TTOC system. In 4 patients, the catheter has been removed because of resolution of the supplemental oxygen requirements. Minor complications included skin site infection and mucus plugging. In 1 patient, accidental dislodging of the catheter led to its replacement in the operating room. In 1 percutaneous placement, a pneumothorax occurred and resolved without any persistent morbidity. We conclude that transtracheal oxygen delivery can be a reasonable alternative to a nasal cannula or formal tracheotomy in selected pediatric patients in whom long-term oxygen delivery, but not an alternate airway, is required. In order to avoid complications, meticulous technique must be adhered to in using the percutaneous approach for placement.