Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry · 2026
Impact of Dental Status on Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Children with Missing or Multiple Teeth in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis.
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Bahammam Sarah Ahmed
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed associations between dental health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in 11-14-year-old children at a Saudi university pediatric dental clinic, identifying clinical and psychosocial predictors of OHRQoL.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study recruited 385 children (71.7% Saudi, 28.3% non-Saudi) via convenience sampling. Clinical measures included dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index], Plaque index, and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) per World Health Organization/International caries detection and assessment system criteria. OHRQoL was assessed using the validated Arabic Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14. Self-reported perceptions of general/oral health and dental aesthetics were collected. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction), Spearman correlations, and multiple linear regression were performed (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: The sample comprised 68.8% older adolescents (13-14 years) with a balanced gender distribution (51.9% male). Contrary to expectations, objective clinical measures showed no significant associations with OHRQoL. Neither DMFT [B = 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.019, 0.020, P = 0.951] nor DAI (B = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.003, 0.009, P = 0.308) predicted overall OHRQoL, with negligible correlations across all domains (r = -0.055 to 0.050, P > 0.05). Instead, age was a strong negative predictor, most pronounced for emotional well-being (B = -0.848, 95% CI: -0.993, -0.703, P < 0.001) and overall OHRQoL (B = -0.720, 95% CI: -0.847, -0.594, P < 0.001), with older adolescents reporting significantly poorer OHRQoL. Participant background (Saudi vs. non-Saudi) significantly predicted higher OHRQoL among Saudi participants (B = 0.907, 95% CI: 0.805, 1.009, P < 0.001). Self-reported perceptions-including satisfaction with oral health, perceived dental aesthetics, and treatment needs-demonstrated stronger associations with OHRQoL than clinical indicators (P < 0.001 across domains after Bonferroni correction).
CONCLUSION: In this convenience sample, objective clinical measures (DMFT, DAI) did not predict OHRQoL. Quality of life was predominantly influenced by age, participant background, and self-perceptions of oral health and aesthetics, reflecting the psychosocial significance of this developmental stage. Convenience sampling from a single clinic limits generalizability. Future interventions should integrate psychosocial support with clinical care and address health care access disparities. Population-based studies are needed for validation.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study recruited 385 children (71.7% Saudi, 28.3% non-Saudi) via convenience sampling. Clinical measures included dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index], Plaque index, and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) per World Health Organization/International caries detection and assessment system criteria. OHRQoL was assessed using the validated Arabic Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14. Self-reported perceptions of general/oral health and dental aesthetics were collected. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction), Spearman correlations, and multiple linear regression were performed (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: The sample comprised 68.8% older adolescents (13-14 years) with a balanced gender distribution (51.9% male). Contrary to expectations, objective clinical measures showed no significant associations with OHRQoL. Neither DMFT [B = 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.019, 0.020, P = 0.951] nor DAI (B = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.003, 0.009, P = 0.308) predicted overall OHRQoL, with negligible correlations across all domains (r = -0.055 to 0.050, P > 0.05). Instead, age was a strong negative predictor, most pronounced for emotional well-being (B = -0.848, 95% CI: -0.993, -0.703, P < 0.001) and overall OHRQoL (B = -0.720, 95% CI: -0.847, -0.594, P < 0.001), with older adolescents reporting significantly poorer OHRQoL. Participant background (Saudi vs. non-Saudi) significantly predicted higher OHRQoL among Saudi participants (B = 0.907, 95% CI: 0.805, 1.009, P < 0.001). Self-reported perceptions-including satisfaction with oral health, perceived dental aesthetics, and treatment needs-demonstrated stronger associations with OHRQoL than clinical indicators (P < 0.001 across domains after Bonferroni correction).
CONCLUSION: In this convenience sample, objective clinical measures (DMFT, DAI) did not predict OHRQoL. Quality of life was predominantly influenced by age, participant background, and self-perceptions of oral health and aesthetics, reflecting the psychosocial significance of this developmental stage. Convenience sampling from a single clinic limits generalizability. Future interventions should integrate psychosocial support with clinical care and address health care access disparities. Population-based studies are needed for validation.