BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis in the Japanese population: insights from a cross-sectional study.
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Jiang Yan, Zhang Lina, Gu Zhifeng
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Although extensive research has been conducted in Western populations, the relationship between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis in the Japanese population remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and atherosclerosis, as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), in a Japanese cohort.
METHODS: This secondary analysis used data from a cross-sectional study involving 912 participants. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was calculated from fasting blood samples and baPWV was used to assess atherosclerosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations by demographic and clinical factors.
RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 51.1 years, and 64.9% were male. Significant differences were observed across LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertiles for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and lifestyle factors (p < 0.001 for most). Univariate analyses showed strong associations between atherosclerosis and age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver function markers, metabolic factors and lifestyle behaviours (p < 0.001 for most). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for factors such as age, sex, BMI, and other metabolic variables. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV in women (p = 0.036), participants aged < 55 years (p = 0.009), and those with BMI < 25 kg/m² (p = 0.044). No significant interactions were observed between subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is significantly associated with atherosclerosis in the Japanese population, with varying strength in different demographic and clinical subgroups. These findings highlight the importance of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis and underscore the need for targeted interventions to manage cardiovascular risk in this population.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
METHODS: This secondary analysis used data from a cross-sectional study involving 912 participants. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was calculated from fasting blood samples and baPWV was used to assess atherosclerosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations by demographic and clinical factors.
RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 51.1 years, and 64.9% were male. Significant differences were observed across LDL-C/HDL-C ratio tertiles for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and lifestyle factors (p < 0.001 for most). Univariate analyses showed strong associations between atherosclerosis and age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, liver function markers, metabolic factors and lifestyle behaviours (p < 0.001 for most). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV, adjusting for factors such as age, sex, BMI, and other metabolic variables. Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and baPWV in women (p = 0.036), participants aged < 55 years (p = 0.009), and those with BMI < 25 kg/m² (p = 0.044). No significant interactions were observed between subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is significantly associated with atherosclerosis in the Japanese population, with varying strength in different demographic and clinical subgroups. These findings highlight the importance of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of atherosclerosis and underscore the need for targeted interventions to manage cardiovascular risk in this population.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.