Sexual pharmacology in the 21st century.

Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent in both sexes. Considerable progress has been made in the development of new pharmacologic treatments since the approval of sildenafil in 1998. A variety of oral erectogenic agents are available or are in late-phase development, including centrally active dopamine agonists (e.g., sublingual apomorphine), peripheral nonselective alpha-blockers (e.g., oral phentolamine), and other phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (e.g., vardenafil). These drugs have recently been evaluated for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder, although results to date have been inconclusive. Pharmacologic therapies have also been proposed for the treatment of premature ejaculation and hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Strong evidence exists for the value of serotonergic drugs (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Further research is needed, particularly on the effects of these drugs on female sexual dysfunction.