Phosphatidylinositide dependent kinase deficiency increases anxiety and decreases GABA and serotonin abundance in the amygdala.

Pathological anxiety is paralleled by deficits in serotonergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the amygdala. Conversely, anxiety disorders and depression may be reversed by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF signaling involves Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PI3K/PDK1). We thus hypothesized that impaired function of PDK1 might be associated with increased anxiety and concomitant neurotransmitter changes. Here we used the hypomorphic PDK1(hm) mouse to investigate anxiety behavior in different settings: PDK1(hm) mice differed from Wt littermates PDK1(WT) in several behavioral measures related to anxiety and exploration, namely in the open field, dark-light box, O-maze and startle response. Further we analyzed the brain substrate underlying this phenotype and found significantly decreased GABA, taurine and serotonin concentrations in the amygdala and olfactory bulb of PDK1(hm) mice, while BDNF and nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations were not significantly different between PDK1(hm) and PDK1(WT) mice. These results suggest that impaired PI3K signaling in the PDK1(hm) mouse reduces concentrations of GABA and serotonin in anxiety related brain regions and can serve as a molecular substrate for behavior indicative for anxious and depressive-like mood states.