Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026
A novel insight into the risk of depression and anxiety onset in Parkinson's disease: the implications of GBA1 and LRRK2.
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Yang Dehao, Wang Junchao, Huang Honghao, Lin Shenyi, Liu Zijia, Zhang Shishu, Xu Jingxuan, Zhang Bo, Cai Hejia, Lin Hai, Huang Suwen, Chen Guangyong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) conspicuously undermine the quality of life of patients, with mood disorders being the most prevalent. However, reliable indicators for early prediction are currently scarce. Glucocerebrosidase beta 1 (GBA1) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are regarded as associated with depression and anxiety. Nevertheless, relevant longitudinal analyses are infrequent. The aim of this study is to investigate the longitudinal relationships between GBA1 and LRRK2 with depression and anxiety in PD patients, offering reliable indicators for predicting the progression of depression and anxiety in PD patients and facilitating the establishment of clinical treatment plans at an early stage.
METHODS: We included data for idiopathic PD (iPD) (n = 396), GBA1-associated PD (GBA1-PD) (n = 81), and LRRK2-associated PD (LRRK2-PD) (n = 155) from a large longitudinal study. Over a 4-year follow-up period, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State subscore (STAI-S), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Trait subscore (STAI-T) were evaluated via a linear mixed-effects model. The Cox proportional hazard regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were utilized for analysis for depression and anxiety events.
CONCLUSION: GBA1 is a risk factor for developing depressive symptoms in PD patients, more pronounced in female aged >50 years. LRRK2 is a risk factor for developing anxiety symptoms in PD patients, more pronounced in female aged >50 years.
METHODS: We included data for idiopathic PD (iPD) (n = 396), GBA1-associated PD (GBA1-PD) (n = 81), and LRRK2-associated PD (LRRK2-PD) (n = 155) from a large longitudinal study. Over a 4-year follow-up period, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State subscore (STAI-S), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Trait subscore (STAI-T) were evaluated via a linear mixed-effects model. The Cox proportional hazard regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were utilized for analysis for depression and anxiety events.
CONCLUSION: GBA1 is a risk factor for developing depressive symptoms in PD patients, more pronounced in female aged >50 years. LRRK2 is a risk factor for developing anxiety symptoms in PD patients, more pronounced in female aged >50 years.