Frontiers in public health · 2025
Food scarcity and decrease in income are associated with depression after COVID-19 pandemic in rural settings.
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Gahwai Dharmendra, Dayama Sonal, Mishra Aakanksha, Chandraker Sandip Kumar, Sahu Babita, Sharma Mini, Kumar Ravindra
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The current study is a cross-sectional survey that aims to assess an association COVID-19 on mental health in rural areas of Central India.
METHODS: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among families with at least one member having been affected by COVID-19 during November 2022 to December 2022 in Durg District of Chhattisgarh State.
RESULTS: A total of 431 participants were interviewed from 18 villages of Durg district of Chhattisgarh state. Symptoms of distress, anxiety and depression were observed in 26.2, 14.8 and 11.8% of participants. The death of family members due to COVID-19 and out of pocket expenditure was considerably associated with a higher risk of mental distress. A reduction in income was significantly associated with depression (p-value = 0.025, OR = 2.066, 95% CI = 1.115-3.817). Decline in income was also linked to depression among study participants (p value = 0.025, OR = 2.066, 95% CI = 1.115-3.817). Education, smoking and out of pocket expenditure was found be independently associated with occurrence of symptoms concerned with PTSD.
CONCLUSION: The study points to the significance of socioeconomic factors like food security, and income stability during COVID-19 in mental health outcomes even after 1 year of pandemic. Increasing access to mental health resources and support for those affected by financial and food insecurities can help individuals cope with stress and maintain mental well-being.
METHODS: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among families with at least one member having been affected by COVID-19 during November 2022 to December 2022 in Durg District of Chhattisgarh State.
RESULTS: A total of 431 participants were interviewed from 18 villages of Durg district of Chhattisgarh state. Symptoms of distress, anxiety and depression were observed in 26.2, 14.8 and 11.8% of participants. The death of family members due to COVID-19 and out of pocket expenditure was considerably associated with a higher risk of mental distress. A reduction in income was significantly associated with depression (p-value = 0.025, OR = 2.066, 95% CI = 1.115-3.817). Decline in income was also linked to depression among study participants (p value = 0.025, OR = 2.066, 95% CI = 1.115-3.817). Education, smoking and out of pocket expenditure was found be independently associated with occurrence of symptoms concerned with PTSD.
CONCLUSION: The study points to the significance of socioeconomic factors like food security, and income stability during COVID-19 in mental health outcomes even after 1 year of pandemic. Increasing access to mental health resources and support for those affected by financial and food insecurities can help individuals cope with stress and maintain mental well-being.