Computers in biology and medicine · 2018
Effect of off-plane bifurcation angles of primary bronchi on expiratory flows in the human trachea.
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Suh Youngjoon, Park Joong Yull
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The human airway is exposed to the development of diverse flow patterns based on differences in its morphological/geometrical parameters across individuals. Although effects of the asymmetry between the right and left main bronchi on airway flows have been investigated in the past, there exists a paucity in terms of studies that focus on the role of stronger physiological asymmetric features, such as off-plane bifurcation angles of primary bronchi, in expiratory flows.
METHOD: Computational fluid dynamic techniques have been used to demonstrate presence of Dean-type secondary flows and vortices in the bifurcation region. Formation of a distinctive pattern was observed corresponding to an increase in the off-plane branching angle. An experiment involving 3D printed airways and smoke was also performed to visualize flow patterns and verify simulation results.
RESULTS: Good agreement was observed between computational and experimental results. Furthermore, it was revealed that the predicted wall shear stress distribution demonstrated significant changes (with a maximum shear stress increase of 30.7%) compared to conventional airway models that adopt symmetric bifurcation angles. The overall flow demonstrated a swerving motion, which was characterized by tracking the vortex cores (maximum accumulated radial movement of 72.6°) when they ascended towards the trachea inlet in off-plane airway models.
CONCLUSIONS: It was confirmed that off-plane bifurcations in human trachea significantly alter the flow characteristics in expiratory flows. It is expected that the results of this study will provide useful information regarding increasingly advanced patient-specific treatments for respiratory diseases in the trachea.
METHOD: Computational fluid dynamic techniques have been used to demonstrate presence of Dean-type secondary flows and vortices in the bifurcation region. Formation of a distinctive pattern was observed corresponding to an increase in the off-plane branching angle. An experiment involving 3D printed airways and smoke was also performed to visualize flow patterns and verify simulation results.
RESULTS: Good agreement was observed between computational and experimental results. Furthermore, it was revealed that the predicted wall shear stress distribution demonstrated significant changes (with a maximum shear stress increase of 30.7%) compared to conventional airway models that adopt symmetric bifurcation angles. The overall flow demonstrated a swerving motion, which was characterized by tracking the vortex cores (maximum accumulated radial movement of 72.6°) when they ascended towards the trachea inlet in off-plane airway models.
CONCLUSIONS: It was confirmed that off-plane bifurcations in human trachea significantly alter the flow characteristics in expiratory flows. It is expected that the results of this study will provide useful information regarding increasingly advanced patient-specific treatments for respiratory diseases in the trachea.