Thyroid Gland Disorders and Physical Activity: Can They Affect Each Other?

Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in promoting emotional well-being, quality of life, and social interaction. Thyroid dysfunction can significantly affect the ability to engage in PA. This review aims to explore the relationship between thyroid disorders and PA. A comprehensive review of the international literature was conducted, including 24 scientific studies that investigated the effects of thyroid dysfunction on exercise in both human and animal models, with and without thyroidectomy. The findings indicate that thyroid disorders are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular, metabolic, neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, PA has been identified as a beneficial intervention for the management of these conditions. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate types and intensities of PA for people before and after thyroidectomy.