[Research progress on exposure and health risks of perchlorate in the environment].

Perchlorate is a persistent inorganic pollutant, which has high stability, high water solubility, and strong oxidizing properties. It has been widely detected in various environmental media, including air, water and soil. Perchlorate primarily enters human body through diet and drinking water. As an inhibitor of iodine uptake, perchlorate mainly affects thyroid gland function after entering the human body, thereby influencing metabolism, neurodevelopment and other physiological functions. This poses a significant risk to human health. This paper summarizes epidemiological studies on the nature and source of perchlorate, its exposure in different environmental media, and its relationship with thyroid function, growth and development, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Additionally, it briefly discusses the related mechanisms of action, aiming to provide a reference for the prevention of perchlorate pollution in the environment and the assessment of health risks.