What can be learnt from India's success in controlling Anopheles stephensi in urban systems.

Anopheles stephensi is an important malaria vector in India which has been repeatedly incriminated for transmitting urban malaria in different parts of the country. The fight for its control in the metropolitan cities of India dates back to as early as 1911. Using an integrated approach of bio-environmental control along with community education and strict enforcement of legislatures, India has shown exemplary success in the control of malaria in different urban cities. From this perspective, we discuss the different success stories and the way forward for An. stephensi control in a global manner.