CQH-MPN: A Classical-Quantum Hybrid Prototype Network With Fuzzy Proximity-Based Classification for Early Glaucoma Diagnosis.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and the only form of irreversible vision loss, making early and accurate diagnosis essential. Although deep learning has revolutionized medical image analysis, its dependence on large-scale annotated datasets poses a significant barrier, especially in clinical scenarios with limited labeled data. To address this challenge, we propose a Classical-Quantum Hybrid Mean Prototype Network (CQH-MPN) tailored for few-shot glaucoma diagnosis. CQH-MPN integrates a quantum feature encoder, which exploits quantum superposition and entanglement for enhanced global representation learning, with a classical convolutional encoder to capture local structural features. These dual encodings are fused and projected into a shared embedding space, where mean prototype representations are computed for each class. We introduce a fuzzy proximity-based metric that extends traditional prototype distance measures by incorporating intra-class variability and inter-class ambiguity, thereby improving classification sensitivity under uncertainty. Our model is evaluated on two public retinal fundus image datasets-ACRIMA and ORIGA-under 1-shot, 3-shot, and 5-shot settings. Results show that CQH-MPN consistently outperforms other models, achieving an accuracy of 94.50% $\pm$1.04% on the ACRIMA dataset under the 1-shot setting. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrates significant performance improvements across different shot configurations on both datasets. By effectively bridging the representational power of quantum computing with classical deep learning, CQH-MPN demonstrates robust generalization in data-scarce environments. This work lays the foundation for quantum-augmented few-shot learning in medical imaging and offers a viable solution for real-world, low-resource diagnostic applications.