Journal of affective disorders · 2026
Association of the SPISE index with depression: comparison with anthropometric obesity indices and surrogate markers of insulin resistance.
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Seo Myong-Won, Ko Hyun-Seo, Jung Hyun Chul
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between the SPISE index and depression and compared its discriminative performance with anthropometric obesity indices and other surrogate markers of insulin resistance.
METHOD: Data from 18,684 adults aged 19-64 years participating in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2020) were analyzed. After age- and sex-matching, 1888 participants with depression and 1888 without depression were included. Anthropometric obesity indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Surrogate markers of insulin resistance included triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), and SPISE index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to compare predictive performance for depression, assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between SPISE quartiles and depression.
RESULT: The SPISE index showed superior discriminative performance for depression (AUC: 83.3%) relative to BMI (AUC: 79.7%), waist circumference (AUC: 78.7%), waist-to-height ratio (ROC-AUC: 78.3%), the TyG index (AUC: 76.5%), and TG/HDL-C (AUC: 76.4%). In addition, progressively lower SPISE quartiles were independently associated with higher odds of depression, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.73 for Q2, 8.77 for Q3, and 24.88 for Q4 compared with the highest quartile (Q1).
CONCLUSION: The SPISE index demonstrated superior discriminative performance for identifying depression and lower SPISE levels were independently and progressively associated with higher odds of depression. These findings suggest that SPISE may be a simple and practical marker associated with depression in South Korean population.
METHOD: Data from 18,684 adults aged 19-64 years participating in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2020) were analyzed. After age- and sex-matching, 1888 participants with depression and 1888 without depression were included. Anthropometric obesity indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Surrogate markers of insulin resistance included triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), and SPISE index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to compare predictive performance for depression, assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between SPISE quartiles and depression.
RESULT: The SPISE index showed superior discriminative performance for depression (AUC: 83.3%) relative to BMI (AUC: 79.7%), waist circumference (AUC: 78.7%), waist-to-height ratio (ROC-AUC: 78.3%), the TyG index (AUC: 76.5%), and TG/HDL-C (AUC: 76.4%). In addition, progressively lower SPISE quartiles were independently associated with higher odds of depression, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.73 for Q2, 8.77 for Q3, and 24.88 for Q4 compared with the highest quartile (Q1).
CONCLUSION: The SPISE index demonstrated superior discriminative performance for identifying depression and lower SPISE levels were independently and progressively associated with higher odds of depression. These findings suggest that SPISE may be a simple and practical marker associated with depression in South Korean population.