[Research progress in mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii and its active ingredients in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease].

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), as a chronic and recurrent intestinal inflammatory disorder, has seen a continuous increase in global incidence, which urgently calls for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, environment, abnormal immune responses, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The current treatment strategies for IBD mainly focus on suppressing abnormal immune responses and controlling inflammation, but still face challenges such as high recurrence rates, numerous adverse drug reactions, and poor efficacy in some patients. TCM has a long history of treating IBD and offers unique advantages such as multi-target intervention, holistic regulation, and individualized treatment. Tripterygium wilfordii, a TCM, has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, activating blood and removing stasis, clearing heat and detoxifying, and reducing swelling and relieving pain. Its active components(including T. wilfordii polycoride, triptolide, and celastrol) play significant roles in the treatment of IBD through multiple pathways such as anti-inflammation, immune regulation, protection of the intestinal barrier, and regulation of the intestinal microbiota. This article systematically reviews the therapeutic mechanisms and clinical research progress of T. wilfordii and its active ingredients in the treatment of IBD, with the aim of providing theoretical references for the clinical treatment and new drug development of IBD.