Empowerment Model for The Elderly and Community to Improve the Welfare of the Elderly.

This study aims to develop and examine an empowerment model involving older people and the community to support improvements in elderly welfare. Using a mixed-methods design, the study combines quantitative assessment of welfare outcomes with qualitative exploration of empowerment processes. Quantitative data were collected from 210 elderly participants involved in community-based empowerment programs. Welfare was measured across physical, psychological, social, and economic dimensions. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and multiple regression. The results show an increase in welfare scores between pre- and post-program measurements. The mean score increased from 3.12 to 3.89 (t = 9.46, p < 0.001). These findings suggest a positive association between program participation and reported welfare improvements, although causal conclusions cannot be established due to the study design. Qualitative findings provide insights into how empowerment processes may contribute to perceived improvements in well-being.