New microbes and new infections · 2026
The epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in 2023 and hypothesis of "Immunity Debt": A single-center correlation analysis of the post-COVID-19.
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Lin Daixi, Xiao Yulin, Cheng Shasha, He Yuqing, Sun Hengbiao, Lyu Xiaoming
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in our hospital in 2023 and explore the relationship with underlying "immunity debt" by comparing positive rates before and after COVID-19 prevention and control measures.
METHODS: A total of 12504 patients with respiratory diseases were included, and age, gender, and month were analyzed for their association with MP infection. The effect of COVID-19 prevention and control was evaluated by comparing positive rates from 2018 to 2023.
RESULTS: In 2023, the MP-positivity rate peaked in October at 59.18% (390/659) and was predominantly seen in pediatric patients. In addition, comparison with previous years revealed a higher infection rate in children aged 0-3 years in 2023. A significant difference was observed in positive rates before, during, and after COVID-19 prevention and control, with the highest rate post-control; and females had a higher infection rate in all three periods. In a word, the 2023 MP-positive rates surge, the marked increase in susceptibility among children aged 0-3, and the consistently higher infection rate in females.
CONCLUSION: The study suggests a significant increase in MP positive rates, particularly in pediatric patients and females in 2023. The implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures may have contributed to the higher infection rate observed after its removal. In conclusion, the 2023 MP epidemic represents a significant shift in post-pandemic infectious disease dynamics. Understanding this surge may require a comprehensive view within a Multifactorial Framework which contain Natural Epidemic Cycle, The "Immunity Debt" Hypothesis and Behavioral and Ecological Factors.
METHODS: A total of 12504 patients with respiratory diseases were included, and age, gender, and month were analyzed for their association with MP infection. The effect of COVID-19 prevention and control was evaluated by comparing positive rates from 2018 to 2023.
RESULTS: In 2023, the MP-positivity rate peaked in October at 59.18% (390/659) and was predominantly seen in pediatric patients. In addition, comparison with previous years revealed a higher infection rate in children aged 0-3 years in 2023. A significant difference was observed in positive rates before, during, and after COVID-19 prevention and control, with the highest rate post-control; and females had a higher infection rate in all three periods. In a word, the 2023 MP-positive rates surge, the marked increase in susceptibility among children aged 0-3, and the consistently higher infection rate in females.
CONCLUSION: The study suggests a significant increase in MP positive rates, particularly in pediatric patients and females in 2023. The implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures may have contributed to the higher infection rate observed after its removal. In conclusion, the 2023 MP epidemic represents a significant shift in post-pandemic infectious disease dynamics. Understanding this surge may require a comprehensive view within a Multifactorial Framework which contain Natural Epidemic Cycle, The "Immunity Debt" Hypothesis and Behavioral and Ecological Factors.