Role of cytokines in multiple myeloma.

Recent research in the biology of multiple myeloma (MM) has produced new insight into the factors that control the growth and survival of myeloma cells. In particular, there is a greater appreciation of the pathogenic role of the cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1beta in the conversion of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM and in the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells. Infection of dendritic cells with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), which secretes a viral homolog of IL-6, may also be a factor. As a direct application of recent laboratory observations, several immune-based treatment strategies are being developed.