Physician burnout in Maryland: young female physicians at highest risk during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND

To examine the prevalence of burnout, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Maryland physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify demographic and professional characteristics associated with increased risk.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 using the Maryland Medical Society (MedChi) physician database. A total of 773 physicians participated, excluding 24 physicians in training. Participants reported demographics, practice characteristics, and COVID-19 exposure. Screening tools for burnout were the Maslach Burnout Inventory, depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-2; and PTSD with the Short PTSD Rating Interview. Data were analyzed using t tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression.

RESULTS

The burnout screening was positive, and as reported by most respondents, notable rates of depression and PTSD were also observed. These outcomes were more prevalent among female-identifying physicians, those in primary care, physicians with fewer years of practice, and those with direct exposure to COVID-19 patients. Burnout was associated with higher rates of depression, PTSD, and intent to leave medicine.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of Maryland physicians, particularly among specific high-risk groups. These findings highlight the need for systemic interventions to reduce occupational stress and support physician well-being. Future research should explore long-term mental health outcomes and evaluate systemic and tailored interventions.